Toward Universal Eye Health Coverage - Key Outcomes of the World Health Organization Package of Eye Care Interventions: A Systematic Review

Stuart Keel, Gareth Lingham, Neha Misra, Sandra Block, Rupert Bourne, Margarita Calonge, Ching Yu Cheng, David S. Friedman, João M. Furtado, Rohit Khanna, Silvio Mariotti, Wanjiku Mathenge, Elenoa Matoto, Andreas Müeller, Mansur Rabiu, Tuwani Rasengane, Serge Resnikoff, Richard Wormald, Sumrana Yasmin, Jialiang ZhaoJennifer R. Evans, Alarcos Cieza

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

8 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Importance: Despite persistent inequalities in access to eye care services globally, guidance on a set of recommended, evidence-based eye care interventions to support country health care planning has not been available. To overcome this barrier, the World Health Organization (WHO) Package of Eye Care Interventions (PECI) has been developed. Objective: To describe the key outcomes of the PECI development. Evidence Review: A standardized stepwise approach that included the following stages: (1) selection of priority eye conditions by an expert panel after reviewing epidemiological evidence and health facility data; (2) identification of interventions and related evidence for the selected eye conditions from a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs); stage 2 included a systematic literature search, screening of title and abstracts (excluding articles that were not relevant CPGs), full-text review to assess disclosure of conflicts of interest and affiliations, quality appraisal, and data extraction; (3) expert review of the evidence extracted in stage 2, identification of missed interventions, and agreement on the inclusion of essential interventions suitable for implementation in low- and middle-income resource settings; and (4) peer review. Findings: Fifteen priority eye conditions were chosen. The literature search identified 3601 articles. Of these, 469 passed title and abstract screening, 151 passed full-text screening, 98 passed quality appraisal, and 87 were selected for data extraction. Little evidence (≤1 CPG identified) was available for pterygium, keratoconus, congenital eyelid disorders, vision rehabilitation, myopic macular degeneration, ptosis, entropion, and ectropion. In stage 3, domain-specific expert groups voted to include 135 interventions (57%) of a potential 235 interventions collated from stage 2. After synthesis across all interventions and eye conditions, 64 interventions (13 health promotion and education, 6 screening and prevention, 38 treatment, and 7 rehabilitation) were included in the PECI. Conclusions and Relevance: This systematic review of CPGs for priority eye conditions, followed by an expert consensus procedure, identified 64 essential, evidence-based, eye care interventions that are required to achieve universal eye health coverage. The review identified some important gaps, including a paucity of high-quality, English-language CPGs, for several eye diseases and a dearth of evidence-based recommendations on eye health promotion and prevention within existing CPGs..

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1229-1238
Number of pages10
JournalJAMA Ophthalmology
Volume140
Issue number12
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 15 Dec 2022

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