The context matters: Understanding the evolution of Finnish and Irish entrepreneurship policies

Purpose: The paper aims to describe the manner in which entrepreneurship policies are embedded in the national contexts and then through analysis offers a deeper understanding of the development of Finnish and Irish entrepreneurship policies. It seeks to focus on three questions: What is the context for entrepreneurship policies in the studied countries?; What kind of governance structure for entrepreneurship policy can be identified and derived from theoretical perspectives?; and What policy instruments and content are associated with governance rationale? Design/methodology/approach: The empirical data involve primary data on national entrepreneurship policy documents illustrating the governance structure for policy development and implementation, as well as policy objectives and targets. Additionally, concrete policy measures were studied within six sub-areas of entrepreneurship. The analysis is based on a framework with two layers of policy: governance structure, and specific policy measures. Findings: The results show that the countries studied are implementing strikingly similar approaches in entrepreneurship policy-making: state-institutional coordination marked by a strong role for the government, complemented by a more recent shift towards a competitive approach. Because political, national and economic context plays a significant role in understanding entrepreneurship policy approaches it is justified to add a third layer, context, to the framework. Practical implications: Particular measures or good practices cannot be imported from other countries without understanding the theoretical rationale and policy context for the measures. Originality/value: The study highlights the role of time and path-dependency in policy-making; therefore, future research and evaluations on entrepreneurship policies need to be strongly contextualised.