Tetrameric and polymeric silver complexes of the omeprazole scaffold; synthesis, structure, in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities and DNA interaction

Two complexes [AgI(pmtbH)] ₄ (1) and {[Ag ₄ (pmtbH) ₄ (NO ₃ ) ₄ ·2X} _n (2) (where pmtbH is 2-[(2-pyridinylmethyl)thio]-1H-benzimidazole and X is H ₂ O or MeOH) were synthesised and structurally characterised. Complex 2 showed therapeutic potential against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa but complex 1 did not show significant activity in vitro. Further in vivo studies using larvae of the insect Galleria mellonella indicated that complex 2 significantly stimulates the immune system and that pre-treatment with the complex offers appreciable protection against all three bacteria. Real-time flow cytometry data support the observed antimicrobial profile of complex 2 and suggest the antimicrobial response may be linked to a form of bacterial programmed cell death (PCD). Complex 2 was found to interact with DNA in the bacterial and fungal cells but it did not cleave plasmid DNA isolated from the three bacteria.