Seed-Mediated Hot-Injection Synthesis of Tiny Ag Nanocrystals on Nanoscale Solid Supports and Reaction Mechanism

Controlling the size and shape of noble Ag nanocrystals (NCs) is of great interest because of their unique size- and shape-dependent properties, especially below 20 nm, and because of interesting applications in drug delivery, sensing, and catalysis. However, the high surface energy and tendency of these tiny NCs to aggregate deteriorates their unique properties and limits their applications. To avoid the aggregation of Ag NCs and improve their performance, we report a seed-mediated hot injection approach to synthesize highly dispersed tiny Ag NCs on a nanosized solid CaCO₃ support. This simple, low-cost, and effective chemical approach allows for synthesizing highly uniform Ag NCs (∼10 nm) on the surface of presynthesized CaCO₃ single NCs (∼52 nm) without any aggregation of the Ag NCs. Viscose fibers were coated with the Ag@CaCO₃ composite nanoparticles (NPs) produced, as well as with ∼126 nm Ag NPs for reference. The Ag@CaCO₃ composite NPs show excellent UV protection and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. In addition, they give a satin sheen gold to a dark gold color to the viscose fibers, while the Ag NPs (∼126 nm) result in a silver color. The proposed synthesis approach is highly versatile and applicable for many other noble metals, like Au or Pt.