Nutritional, phytochemical, and toxicological profiles of blood fruit (Haematocarpus validus)

Haematocarpus Validus is commonly known as blood fruit, is a significant dietary staple in Southeast Asia, particularly in Meghalaya, India. This comprehensive study evaluates the pomological, chemical, nutritional, anti-nutritional, and toxicological properties of the fruit harvested from five different altitudes in Meghalaya. The firmness of the fruit varied significantly, ranging from 65 to 72 N, influenced by altitude and geographical coordinates. Total soluble solids (TSS) ranged from 15.9 to 18.2 °Brix, while titratable acidity (TA) decreased with altitude. Nutritional analysis revealed a protein content of up to 1.5 % and potassium levels reaching 1890 mg/100 g. Phytochemical analysis indicated total polyphenol content between 437 and 487 mg GAE/100 g and total flavonoid content ranging from 366 to 393 mg RE/100 g. The anti-nutritional factors of blood fruit included phytate (239–267 mg/100 g), saponin (36.1–45.6 mg/100 g), oxalate (20.7–28.0 mg/100 g), and nitrate (11.4–15.8 mg/100 g). Toxicological studies in rats confirmed the fruit's safety, with no observed adverse effects and an LD50 exceeding 2 g/kg body weight. This study conclusively demonstrates that H. validus is nutritionally rich, with its composition influenced by altitude. It is safe for consumption and holds significant potential for pharmaceutical applications and commercial product development.