Kuwait at the Crossroads: The Interplay of Climate Migration and Water Scarcity Dynamics

Recent studies have predicted that around 60% of the global population will soon face challenges in accessing fresh water, underscoring the urgent need for sustainable water management practices. This chapter combines insights from various studies to explore the escalating impact of climate change-induced migration on water scarcity, specifically in the case of Kuwait. Kuwait, a nation with limited water resources in an arid environment, heavily depends on oil to desalinate seawater. Climate change-induced migration patterns are worsening water scarcity in Kuwait, mainly due to population growth and migration, heightening the demand for freshwater. If this demand is not controlled, it could strain water supplies and existing systems, leading to fluctuations in capacity and increased water demand for consumption, services, and energy. This unregulated demand depletes freshwater reserves and contributes to environmental degradation, further worsening water availability and the country’s water stability. Despite Kuwait’s proactive measures, such as the latest desalination technologies and investments in global techniques, the combined effects of climate change, migration, and regional tension pose a significant threat to water security. The findings of this research highlight the urgent need for regional cooperation, advanced water management technologies, and strong governance to ensure sustainable water access. These measures align with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals and can effectively alleviate global water scarcity issues.