Investigating the effect of individual rotations on the physical and physiological performance in elite female field hockey players

To quantify the rotational demands of elite female field hockey with respect to position. Twenty-eight (n = 28) elite international field hockey players were recruited during the 2018–2020 seasons. Players were monitored with GPS technology and heart-rate monitors. Methods: Activity was categorised into total distance (m), relative total distance (m·min⁻¹), high-speed distance (m; 16 km·h⁻¹), relative high-speed distance (m·min⁻¹), max velocity (km·h⁻¹), and percentage maximal velocity (%Vmax). Physiological demands were assessed via heart rate measures (bpm and % HR_max) and time > 80% heart rate maximum. Results: A single rotation equated to 7 ± 0.8 min. Players covered a mean total distance of was 868 ± 132 m (125.7 ± 5.9 m·min⁻¹) with 140 ± 39 m at high-speed (21.7 ± 3.6 m·min⁻¹). A significant difference was reported for relative total (p ≤ 0.001), and high-speed (p ≤ 0.001), distance across positional. Forwards were reported to cover the most relative total and high-speed distance (d = 1.0) when compared to defenders and midfielders. Conclusion: The study provides normative data for rotational demands of elite female field hockey. Coaches should consider these demands when developing training drills to better optimise the positional physical and physiological demands of competitive match-play.