Education for Sustainable Development: A Critical Lens on Economic Progress

In the context of the 21st century, a critical reassessment of progress becomes imperative in the face of emerging geoeconomic and geopolitical challenges. Conventional narratives prioritising economic growth and materialism have come under scrutiny due to growing concerns about climate change, social inequality and environmental degradation. In this scenario, Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) emerges as an essential tool to face these complexities. By integrating an approach that connects the economic, social and environmental aspects of development, ESD prepares individuals to navigate the challenges of the present and empowers them to shape a more sustainable and equitable future. Furthermore, it is recognised that decisions and actions related to development have not only local, national or regional implications, but they also need to be considered from a global dimension. Understanding the relationship between geoeconomic and geopolitical aspects, and how different nations distribute and exercise their influence and power, requires knowledge that helps us realise the crucial role of education in enabling and supporting stable economic and political systems. This balance of power refers to the way in which global actors interact and compete with each other, thus shaping the world stage. The reviewed literature offered an in-depth analysis of the political, geoeconomic and sustainability implications from the perspective of capitalist dominance and its interaction with the construction of Sustainable Development, with a focus on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and a critical lens on economic progress. Throughout the research, it became clear that the global power structure, influenced by the capitalist interests of the Global North, has a significant impact on the sustainable development prospects of the Global South, perpetuating social inequalities, environmental degradation and economic dependence. Therefore, investing in ESD emerges as vital to promoting human well-being, and it is identified as a crucial strategy to address emerging geopolitical and economic issues and shape a more resilient and inclusive future.