@inproceedings{caf3a5ca1b1e4f1ca7377bf1c20cd58f,
title = "DCLL{\textemdash}A Deep Network for Possible Real-Time Decoding of Imagined Words",
abstract = "We present a novel architecture for classifying imagined words from electroencephalogram (EEG) captured during speech imagery. The proposed architecture employs a sliding window with overlap for data augmentation (DA) and common spatial pattern (CSP) in order to derive the features. The dimensionality of features is reduced using linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Long short-term memory (LSTM) along with majority voting is used as the classifier. We call the proposed architecture the DCLL (DA-CSP-LDA-LSTM) architecture. On a publicly available imagined word dataset, the DCLL architecture achieves an accuracy of 85.2\% for classifying the imagined words {\textquotedblleft}in{\textquotedblright} and {\textquotedblleft}cooperate{\textquotedblright}. Although this is around 7\% less than the best result in the literature on this dataset, the DCLL architecture is roughly 300 times faster than the latter, making it a potential candidate for imagined word-based online BCI systems where the EEG signal needs to be classified in real time.",
keywords = "Csp, Data augmentation, Eeg, Imagined speech, Imagined word, Lda, Lstm, Online bci, Speech imagery",
author = "Panachakel, \{Jerrin Thomas\} and Ramakrishnan, \{A. G.\}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.; 7th International Symposium on Intelligent Informatics, ISI 2022 ; Conference date: 31-08-2022 Through 02-09-2022",
year = "2023",
doi = "10.1007/978-981-19-8094-7\_1",
language = "English",
isbn = "9789811980930",
series = "Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies",
publisher = "Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH",
pages = "3--12",
editor = "Thampi, \{Sabu M.\} and Jayanta Mukhopadhyay and Marcin Paprzycki and Kuan-Ching Li",
booktitle = "International Symposium on Intelligent Informatics - Proceedings of ISI 2022",
address = "Germany",
}