Conclusions and Critical Thoughts

Although, from the beginning of times, the world has always been under constant change, the frequency of crises, be they financial/economic, energy/environmental, health or else a combination of all these, has increased. This state of “permacrisis” has pushed international actors to consider new frameworks so as to increase the sustainability of our productive models that would reconcile economic activity with environmental constraints. An important element in this search has been the emergence of new geoeconomic and geopolitical dynamics derived from the polarization of wealth between and within countries and regions. In their quest for sustainability models, the international institutions aim, theoretically and ideally, at delineating new frameworks that could contribute to both equality and growth.