Biocomposites for sustainable construction: A review of material properties, applications, research gaps, and contribution to circular economy

To promote circular economy practices in the construction sector, researchers are investigating potential alternatives to traditional building materials. Biocomposites might be an eco-friendly substitute for synthetic composites, which has increased demand across numerous applications. This study reviews and synthesises current knowledge in the field of biocomposites for building applications and identifies existing research gaps. The literature highlights several forms of biocomposites employed in the construction industry, which can be broadly categorised as polymer, mineral/cement, and alkali-activated or geopolymer biocomposites incorporating biofibres or fillers. The constituents, production methods, and mechanical and functional properties of these materials are examined. Potential applications of biocomposites are discussed based on their material characteristics, along with their contribution to the circular economy within the building sector. Finally, key research gaps that hinder the large-scale adoption of biocomposites in the construction industry are highlighted, and future research directions and commercial initiatives are proposed.