@inproceedings{225b4a9a3082439aaa2fa42797128d0a,
title = "Beamforming Based on Spherical Modes: Opportunities, Challenges, and Limitations",
abstract = "This work discusses the principles of using spherical modes, as defined in spherical wave expansion theory, for flexible and reconfigurable beamforming. This recent approach offers a frequency invariant beamforming, suitable for miniaturization. The paper provides a concise introduction to the methodology, followed by an overview of existing antenna designs that allow the implementation of this approach. The limitations and challenges of the technique are also discussed.",
keywords = "Antenna miniaturisation, Beamforming, Spherical modes",
author = "Adam Narbudowicz and Abel Zandamela",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2026 IEEE.; 2026 IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology, iWAT 2026 ; Conference date: 25-03-2026 Through 27-03-2026",
year = "2026",
doi = "10.1109/iWAT66946.2026.11501878",
language = "English",
series = "2026 IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology, iWAT 2026",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",
booktitle = "2026 IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology, iWAT 2026",
address = "United States",
}