TY - JOUR
T1 - A Novel Unidirectional Smart Charging Management Algorithm for Electric Buses †
AU - Darii, Nicolae
AU - Turri, Roberto
AU - Sunderland, Keith
AU - Bignucolo, Fabio
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.
PY - 2023/2
Y1 - 2023/2
N2 - The difficulty of controlling the charging of electric buses (EBs) and their effects on network demand are discussed in this study. The solutions suggest a call for worldwide, complex infrastructures that manage EVs and EBs equally. Additionally, the Distribution Network (DN) must be prepared for an increased prevalence of reverse power flow caused by widespread distributed renewable generation. This paper focuses exclusively on EBs since they have higher capacity and predictable charging patterns, which makes them more significant for the DN in the context of a transition to complete vehicle electrification and technologies that are mature enough to be hosted. The proposed algorithm employs the Day-Ahead Energy Market (DAEM) in the Smart Charging (SC) to forecast the network operating circumstances. Additionally, the technique makes it possible to facilitate distributed photovoltaic (PV) generation, allowing network demand to be referenced depending on net demand. It also identifies an appropriate individual charger current per vehicle and per-time-step with load-levelling or peak-shaving as its primary goal. The final real demand demonstrates that a coarse correction of the demand is possible. According to the analysis of the DN voltage profile and associated line losses, the ideal node position location of the CS is dependent on PV penetration.
AB - The difficulty of controlling the charging of electric buses (EBs) and their effects on network demand are discussed in this study. The solutions suggest a call for worldwide, complex infrastructures that manage EVs and EBs equally. Additionally, the Distribution Network (DN) must be prepared for an increased prevalence of reverse power flow caused by widespread distributed renewable generation. This paper focuses exclusively on EBs since they have higher capacity and predictable charging patterns, which makes them more significant for the DN in the context of a transition to complete vehicle electrification and technologies that are mature enough to be hosted. The proposed algorithm employs the Day-Ahead Energy Market (DAEM) in the Smart Charging (SC) to forecast the network operating circumstances. Additionally, the technique makes it possible to facilitate distributed photovoltaic (PV) generation, allowing network demand to be referenced depending on net demand. It also identifies an appropriate individual charger current per vehicle and per-time-step with load-levelling or peak-shaving as its primary goal. The final real demand demonstrates that a coarse correction of the demand is possible. According to the analysis of the DN voltage profile and associated line losses, the ideal node position location of the CS is dependent on PV penetration.
KW - charge management algorithm
KW - distribution network services
KW - electric buses
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85148961350&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/electronics12040852
DO - 10.3390/electronics12040852
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85148961350
SN - 2079-9292
VL - 12
JO - Electronics (Switzerland)
JF - Electronics (Switzerland)
IS - 4
M1 - 852
ER -