A functional analysis of motivational interviewing and its potential to complement contextual behavioral science

Motivational Interviewing (MI) is an evidence-based therapeutic approach to facilitate change by strengthening intrinsic motivation, yet its mechanisms are typically described through humanistic or transtheoretical lenses. This poster proposes a functional analysis of MI grounded in Contextual Behavioral Science (CBS) and Relational Frame Theory (RFT). Under this framework, “change talk” and “sustain talk” are conceptualized as operant behavior shaped by therapist-led contingencies and broader contextual variables. Change talk is viewed as rule-governed behavior that promotes psychological flexibility by expanding relational responding and enhancing values-consistent action. Conversely, sustain talk is analyzed as behavior maintained by experiential avoidance and/or overly rigid rule-following.
In MI the core clinician skills of reflective listening, affirmations, and strategic evocation are used to guide conversation and strengthen motivation for change. We examine these behaviors as forms of differential reinforcement that alter the probability and functional properties of client verbal behavior. In addition, the development of discrepancy is analyzed in terms of leveraging motivating operations (MOs) to facilitate a transformation of stimulus functions via relational framing related to core values (e.g., hierarchical framing of values over urges; temporal framing of current behavior versus future identity).
By clarifying these motivational processes, this account highlights opportunities for the integration of MI within process-based therapies like Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Rather than focusing on the form of interventions (e.g., reflections, questions), this approach prioritises their function in shaping client verbal behaviour, particularly the differential reinforcement of change versus sustain talk. We also highlight psychological flexibility as a potential mediator of MI outcomes, suggesting that changes in relational responding and values-consistent action may account for behaviour change elicited through strategic evocation. These insights have implications for clinical training and supervision, supporting a move toward process-based feedback that targets the functional impact of therapist interventions.