A Cascaded Fabry–Pérot Interferometric Fiber Optic Force Sensor Utilizing the Vernier Effect

Zhuochen Wang; Ginu Rajan; Zhe Wang; Anuradha Rout; Yuliya Semenova

doi:10.3390/s25164887

A Cascaded Fabry–Pérot Interferometric Fiber Optic Force Sensor Utilizing the Vernier Effect

Zhuochen Wang, Ginu Rajan, Zhe Wang, Anuradha Rout, Yuliya Semenova

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

An optical fiber force sensor based on the Vernier effect in cascaded Fabry–Perot interferometers (FPIs) formed by a barium tantalate microsphere and a section of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) optical fiber is proposed and investigated. Optical fiber sensors offer numerous advantages over their electronic counterparts, including immunity to electromagnetic interference and suitability for harsh environments. Despite these benefits, current optical fiber force sensors often face limitations in sensitivity, reliability, and fabrication costs. The proposed sensor has the potential to address these issues. Simulations and experimental results demonstrate that the sensor achieves a sensitivity of 9279.66 nm/N in a range of up to 3 mN. The sensor also exhibits excellent repeatability, making it a promising candidate for high-performance force monitoring in various challenging environments.

Original language	English
Article number	4887
Journal	Sensors
Volume	25
Issue number	16
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/s25164887
Publication status	Published - Aug 2025

Keywords

Fabry–Pérot fiber interferometer
force sensor
Vernier effect

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10.3390/s25164887

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title = "A Cascaded Fabry–P{\'e}rot Interferometric Fiber Optic Force Sensor Utilizing the Vernier Effect",

abstract = "An optical fiber force sensor based on the Vernier effect in cascaded Fabry–Perot interferometers (FPIs) formed by a barium tantalate microsphere and a section of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) optical fiber is proposed and investigated. Optical fiber sensors offer numerous advantages over their electronic counterparts, including immunity to electromagnetic interference and suitability for harsh environments. Despite these benefits, current optical fiber force sensors often face limitations in sensitivity, reliability, and fabrication costs. The proposed sensor has the potential to address these issues. Simulations and experimental results demonstrate that the sensor achieves a sensitivity of 9279.66 nm/N in a range of up to 3 mN. The sensor also exhibits excellent repeatability, making it a promising candidate for high-performance force monitoring in various challenging environments.",

keywords = "Fabry–P{\'e}rot fiber interferometer, force sensor, Vernier effect",

author = "Zhuochen Wang and Ginu Rajan and Zhe Wang and Anuradha Rout and Yuliya Semenova",

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T1 - A Cascaded Fabry–Pérot Interferometric Fiber Optic Force Sensor Utilizing the Vernier Effect

AU - Wang, Zhuochen

AU - Rajan, Ginu

AU - Wang, Zhe

AU - Rout, Anuradha

AU - Semenova, Yuliya

PY - 2025/8

Y1 - 2025/8

N2 - An optical fiber force sensor based on the Vernier effect in cascaded Fabry–Perot interferometers (FPIs) formed by a barium tantalate microsphere and a section of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) optical fiber is proposed and investigated. Optical fiber sensors offer numerous advantages over their electronic counterparts, including immunity to electromagnetic interference and suitability for harsh environments. Despite these benefits, current optical fiber force sensors often face limitations in sensitivity, reliability, and fabrication costs. The proposed sensor has the potential to address these issues. Simulations and experimental results demonstrate that the sensor achieves a sensitivity of 9279.66 nm/N in a range of up to 3 mN. The sensor also exhibits excellent repeatability, making it a promising candidate for high-performance force monitoring in various challenging environments.

AB - An optical fiber force sensor based on the Vernier effect in cascaded Fabry–Perot interferometers (FPIs) formed by a barium tantalate microsphere and a section of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) optical fiber is proposed and investigated. Optical fiber sensors offer numerous advantages over their electronic counterparts, including immunity to electromagnetic interference and suitability for harsh environments. Despite these benefits, current optical fiber force sensors often face limitations in sensitivity, reliability, and fabrication costs. The proposed sensor has the potential to address these issues. Simulations and experimental results demonstrate that the sensor achieves a sensitivity of 9279.66 nm/N in a range of up to 3 mN. The sensor also exhibits excellent repeatability, making it a promising candidate for high-performance force monitoring in various challenging environments.

KW - Fabry–Pérot fiber interferometer

KW - force sensor

KW - Vernier effect

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ER -

A Cascaded Fabry–Pérot Interferometric Fiber Optic Force Sensor Utilizing the Vernier Effect

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Keywords

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